Table of Contents
REAIM documents on responsible AI in the military domain (2023–2026)
As of 1 October 2026. Information only, not legal advice – see the disclaimer.
| Full title | Summits on Responsible Artificial Intelligence in the Military Domain (REAIM): REAIM 2023 Call to Action (The Hague); Blueprint for Action (Seoul, 2024); A Coruña Declaration: REAIM 2026 Pathways to Action |
|---|---|
| Type | Political declarations adopted at intergovernmental summits with multi-stakeholder participation |
| Adopted by | Endorsing States at the REAIM summits hosted by the Netherlands (2023), the Republic of Korea (2024) and Spain (2026) |
| Adopted | 16 February 2023 (The Hague); 10 September 2024 (Seoul); 4–5 February 2026 (A Coruña) |
| Legal status | Non-binding political declarations; endorsement is open to further States |
| Official text | REAIM 2023 Call to Action (Government of the Netherlands) · A Coruña Declaration: REAIM 2026 Pathways to Action (Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs) |
| Subject area | Artificial intelligence and autonomous weapons |
Overview
The REAIM summits are an intergovernmental process on the responsible development, deployment and use of artificial intelligence in the military domain, outside the United Nations framework and with participation of industry, academia and civil society. The first summit (The Hague, February 2023, co-hosted by the Netherlands and the Republic of Korea) adopted a Call to Action. The second summit (Seoul, September 2024) adopted a Blueprint for Action, which according to the Korean Ministry of Foreign Affairs was supported by more than 60 countries. The third summit (A Coruña, February 2026) adopted the A Coruña Declaration: REAIM 2026 Pathways to Action, which the Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs describes as remaining open to approval by other countries.
Provisions relevant to the cyber and information sphere
- A Coruña Declaration (2026) – 28 numbered paragraphs in sections on legal frameworks and general practices, national-level operationalisation, international-level operationalisation, and engagement with industry, academia and civil society.
- Applicable law – the Declaration calls for compliance with “applicable international law, including international humanitarian law and international human rights law, as required throughout the life cycles of AI capabilities in the military domain”.
- Human responsibility – it states that “States and individuals (rather than machines and algorithms) bear legal and ethical responsibility” and that “AI-enabled decision support systems should support, not replace, the exercise of human judgement”.
- Call to Action (2023) – among other things, provided for a Global Commission on AI in the military domain to raise awareness and consider responsible development, deployment and governance.
Application to cyber and information operations
The REAIM documents address AI-enabled military capabilities in general, including decision-support systems, and are distinct from the CCW process on lethal autonomous weapons systems (laws) and from the UN General Assembly resolutions on AI in the military domain (military_ai). The A Coruña Declaration does not refer to nuclear weapons. According to the official summit page, the endorsing States include, among others, France, Germany, Japan, Pakistan, the Republic of Korea, Türkiye and Ukraine.
Recent developments
- 2023-02-16: REAIM 2023 Call to Action adopted in The Hague (Government of the Netherlands).
- 2024-09-10: Blueprint for Action adopted in Seoul (Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of Korea).
- 2026-02-04 to 2026-02-05: Third summit in A Coruña adopts the A Coruña Declaration: REAIM 2026 Pathways to Action (Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs).
Related entries
Sources
- Government of the Netherlands, REAIM 2023 Call to Action, accessed 2026-10-01
- Spanish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, REAIM 2026, accessed 2026-10-01
- A Coruña Declaration: REAIM 2026 Pathways to Action (PDF), accessed 2026-10-01
Change log
- 2026-10-01: Entry created.