Timeline

As of 1 October 2026.

This timeline lists, in chronological order, the instruments, decisions, reports and process milestones described in the entries of this site; each item links to the entry in which it is described.

• 23 September 1936 – International Convention concerning the Use of Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace signed at Geneva – Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace Convention (1936)
• 2 April 1938 – Broadcasting Convention enters into force – Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace Convention (1936)

• 26 June 1945 – Charter of the United Nations signed at San Francisco – UN Charter
• 24 October 1945 – UN Charter enters into force – UN Charter
• 9 December 1948 – Genocide Convention adopted by the UN General Assembly (resolution 260 A (III)) – Genocide Convention (1948)

• 12 January 1951 – Genocide Convention enters into force – Genocide Convention (1948)
• 17 December 1954 – General Assembly resolution 841 (IX) on transferring League of Nations functions under the Broadcasting Convention to the UN – Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace Convention (1936)

• 16 December 1966 – International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights adopted (resolution 2200A (XXI)) – International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)

• 24 October 1970 – Friendly Relations Declaration adopted (resolution 2625 (XXV)) – Friendly Relations Declaration (1970)
• 14 December 1974 – General Assembly resolution 3314 (XXIX) on the Definition of Aggression, later drawn on in Art. 8 bis Rome Statute – Rome Statute: crime of aggression
• 23 March 1976 – ICCPR enters into force – International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)
• 8 June 1977 – Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions adopted – Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions (1977)
• 7 December 1978 – Additional Protocol I enters into force – Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions (1977)

• 1982–1985 – Denunciations of the Broadcasting Convention by the Netherlands, France, Australia and the United Kingdom notified – Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace Convention (1936)
• 29 July 1983 – Human Rights Committee adopts General Comment No. 11 on Art. 20 ICCPR (propaganda for war) – International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)
• 26 November 1984 – ICJ judgment on jurisdiction and admissibility in Nicaragua v. United States – ICJ, Nicaragua v. United States (1986)
• 27 June 1986 – ICJ merits judgment in Nicaragua v. United States – ICJ, Nicaragua v. United States (1986)

• 26 September 1991 – Nicaragua v. United States removed from the ICJ List – ICJ, Nicaragua v. United States (1986)
• 8 July 1996 – ICJ Advisory Opinion on the Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons – ICJ Advisory Opinion on Nuclear Weapons (1996)
• 17 July 1998 – Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court adopted – Rome Statute: crime of aggression

• 23 November 2001 – Budapest Convention on Cybercrime opened for signature – Budapest Convention on Cybercrime (2001)
• 1 July 2002 – Rome Statute enters into force – Rome Statute: crime of aggression
• 1 July 2004 – Budapest Convention enters into force – Budapest Convention on Cybercrime (2001)
• 28 November 2007 – ICTR Appeals Chamber judgment in the “Media case” (Nahimana et al.) on incitement to genocide – Genocide Convention (1948)
• 16 June 2009 – SCO Agreement on cooperation in ensuring international information security concluded at Yekaterinburg – SCO Agreement on International Information Security (2009)

• 11 June 2010 – Kampala Review Conference adopts the aggression amendments (Art. 8 bis) – Rome Statute: crime of aggression
• 2011 – Human Rights Committee adopts General Comment No. 34 on Art. 19 ICCPR – International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)
• 16 June 2011 – Human Rights Council endorses the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (resolution 17/4) – UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (2011)
• 2012 – Rabat Plan of Action on incitement to hatred – International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)
• 2013 – GGE report A/68/98 affirms the applicability of international law to State use of ICTs – UN framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace
• 2013 – First edition of the Tallinn Manual published – Tallinn Manual 2.0 (2017)
• 18 December 2013 – General Assembly resolution 68/167 “The right to privacy in the digital age” – International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)
• 22 July 2015 – GGE report A/70/174 with eleven voluntary norms, including norm 13(f) – UN framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace
• 2016 – Fifth CCW Review Conference establishes the Group of Governmental Experts on lethal autonomous weapons systems – UN and CCW processes on autonomous weapons
• 2017 – Tallinn Manual 2.0 published – Tallinn Manual 2.0 (2017)
• June 2017 – EU Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox established – EU cyber sanctions regime (2019)
• June 2017 – NotPetya malware causes worldwide damage to companies – Merck v. Ace American, NotPetya and the war exclusion (2023)
• 17 July 2018 – ICC jurisdiction over the crime of aggression activated – Rome Statute: crime of aggression
• September 2018 – Report of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar (A/HRC/39/64) – Genocide Convention (1948)
• 2018 – EU Code of Practice on Disinformation – EU Code of Conduct on Disinformation
• 12 November 2018 – Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace launched – Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace (2018)
• 2019 – CCW High Contracting Parties endorse eleven guiding principles on lethal autonomous weapons systems – UN and CCW processes on autonomous weapons
• 17 May 2019 – EU cyber sanctions framework adopted (Decision (CFSP) 2019/797, Regulation (EU) 2019/796) – EU cyber sanctions regime (2019)
• November 2019 – ICRC position paper on IHL and cyber operations during armed conflicts – Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions (1977)
• 12 December 2019 – Hague Rules on Business and Human Rights Arbitration launched at the Peace Palace – Hague Rules on Business and Human Rights Arbitration (2019)

• 16 July 2020 – CJEU judgment in Schrems II – CJEU, Schrems II (2020)
• 30 July 2020 – First EU cyber sanctions listings – EU cyber sanctions regime (2019)
• March 2021 – Report of the Open-ended Working Group (A/75/816) – UN framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace
• March 2021 – German position paper “On the Application of International Law in Cyberspace” – Germany: constitutional peace provisions and cyber position
• July 2021 – GGE report A/76/135 and official compendium of voluntary national contributions on international law (A/76/136) – UN framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace · National positions on international law in cyberspace
• 24 December 2021 – General Assembly resolution 76/227 on countering disinformation – UN resolutions on countering disinformation
• 12 May 2022 – Second Additional Protocol to the Budapest Convention opened for signature – Budapest Convention on Cybercrime (2001)
• 16 June 2022 – Strengthened EU Code of Practice on Disinformation presented – EU Code of Conduct on Disinformation
• 17 August 2022 – Lloyd's Market Bulletin Y5381 on State-backed cyber-attack exclusions – Lloyd's requirements on State-backed cyber-attack exclusions (2022)
• August 2022 – Report of the Secretary-General on countering disinformation (A/77/287) – UN resolutions on countering disinformation
• 19 October 2022 – Digital Services Act adopted – EU Digital Services Act (2022)
• 14 December 2022 – NIS2 and CER Directives adopted – EU NIS2 and CER Directives (2022)
• 16 February 2023 – REAIM 2023 Call to Action adopted in The Hague – REAIM documents on responsible AI in the military domain (2023–2026)
• 1 May 2023 – New Jersey Appellate Division rules that the war exclusion does not apply to NotPetya losses – Merck v. Ace American, NotPetya and the war exclusion (2023)
• 5 October 2023 – Joint call by the UN Secretary-General and the ICRC President for a treaty on autonomous weapons by 2026 – Gap: treaty on autonomous weapons systems
• 22 December 2023 – General Assembly resolution 78/241 on lethal autonomous weapons systems – UN and CCW processes on autonomous weapons
• 29 January 2024 – African Union Peace and Security Council adopts the Common African Position on international law in cyberspace – African Union Common Position on international law in cyberspace (2024)
• 17 February 2024 – Digital Services Act applies in general – EU Digital Services Act (2022)
• 13 March 2024 – Political Advertising Regulation adopted – EU Political Advertising Regulation (2024)
• 17 May 2024 – Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI adopted – Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI (2024)
• 13 June 2024 – EU Artificial Intelligence Act adopted – EU Artificial Intelligence Act (2024)
• 10 September 2024 – Blueprint for Action adopted at the REAIM summit in Seoul – REAIM documents on responsible AI in the military domain (2023–2026)
• 22 September 2024 – Global Digital Compact adopted with the Pact for the Future – Global Digital Compact (2024)
• 8 October 2024 – EU establishes the sanctions regime on Russia's destabilising activities – EU sanctions regime on Russia's destabilising activities (2024)
• 23 October 2024 – EU Product Liability Directive and Cyber Resilience Act adopted – EU Product Liability Directive (2024) · EU Cyber Resilience Act (2024)
• 31 October 2024 – 34th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent adopts resolution on ICT activities during armed conflict – Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions (1977)
• 2 December 2024 – General Assembly resolution 79/62 on lethal autonomous weapons systems – UN and CCW processes on autonomous weapons
• 24 December 2024 – UN Convention against Cybercrime adopted (resolution 79/243) – UN Convention against Cybercrime (2024)
• December 2024 – General Assembly resolution 79/239 on artificial intelligence in the military domain – UN resolutions on AI in the military domain
• 2 February 2025 – Prohibitions under Art. 5 AI Act apply – EU Artificial Intelligence Act (2024)
• 13 February 2025 – Code of Practice on Disinformation integrated into the DSA framework as a Code of Conduct – EU Code of Conduct on Disinformation
• 4 April 2025 – Pall Mall Process Code of Practice for States published – Pall Mall Process Code of Practice for States (2025)
• 7–9 July 2025 – Special session of the ICC Assembly of States Parties on the aggression amendments – Rome Statute: crime of aggression
• 11 July 2025 – Final report of the Open-ended Working Group 2021–2025 adopted, establishing a permanent Global Mechanism – UN framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace
• 10 October 2025 – Political Advertising Regulation fully applicable – EU Political Advertising Regulation (2024)
• 25–26 October 2025 – UN Convention against Cybercrime opened for signature in Hanoi – UN Convention against Cybercrime (2024)
• 1 December 2025 – General Assembly resolutions 80/16 (ICT security) and 80/57 (lethal autonomous weapons systems) – UN framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace · UN and CCW processes on autonomous weapons
• 1 December 2025 – General Assembly resolution 80/23 on possible risks of integrating AI into nuclear command, control and communications – UN resolutions on AI in the military domain
• 3 December 2025 – ICC Office of the Prosecutor launches its Policy on Cyber-enabled Crimes – Rome Statute: crime of aggression
• 5 December 2025 – First non-compliance decision under the Digital Services Act – EU Digital Services Act (2022)
• 5 December 2025 – General Assembly resolution 80/58 on artificial intelligence in the military domain – UN resolutions on AI in the military domain
• 12–29 January 2026 – ICJ merits hearings in The Gambia v. Myanmar – Genocide Convention (1948)
• 4–5 February 2026 – A Coruña Declaration adopted at the third REAIM summit – REAIM documents on responsible AI in the military domain (2023–2026)
• 30–31 March 2026 – Organizational session of the Global Mechanism on ICTs – UN framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace
• 15 May 2026 – European Union becomes a Party to the Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI – Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI (2024)
• 15 May 2026 – Pope Leo XIV signs the encyclical Magnifica humanitas, including passages on autonomous weapons and cyberspace – Encyclical Magnifica humanitas (2026)
• 22 May 2026 – Eleventh NPT Review Conference ends without a consensus outcome document – Gap: protection of nuclear command, control and communications
• 20–24 July 2026 – First substantive plenary session of the Global Mechanism on ICTs – UN framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace
• 2 August 2026 – Transparency obligations under Art. 50 AI Act apply – EU Artificial Intelligence Act (2024)
• 25 August 2026 – Renewed call by the UN Secretary-General and the ICRC President for rules on autonomous weapons – Gap: treaty on autonomous weapons systems
• 5 September 2026 – CCW Group of Governmental Experts on lethal autonomous weapons systems concludes its final session under the 2024–2026 mandate – UN and CCW processes on autonomous weapons
• 11 September 2026 – Reporting obligations under the Cyber Resilience Act apply; ENISA single reporting platform launched – EU Cyber Resilience Act (2024)
• 17 September 2026 – Seychelles accedes to the Budapest Convention as its 83rd Party – Budapest Convention on Cybercrime (2001)
• 16–20 November 2026 (scheduled) – Seventh CCW Review Conference, Geneva – UN and CCW processes on autonomous weapons
• 9 December 2026 (scheduled) – EU Product Liability Directive applies – EU Product Liability Directive (2024)