====== Timeline ======

//As of 1 October 2026.//

This timeline lists, in chronological order, the instruments, decisions, reports and process milestones described in the entries of this site; each item links to the entry in which it is described.

===== 1930s =====
  * 23 September 1936 – International Convention concerning the Use of Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace signed at Geneva – [[law:hist:broadcasting_1936|Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace Convention (1936)]]
  * 2 April 1938 – Broadcasting Convention enters into force – [[law:hist:broadcasting_1936|Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace Convention (1936)]]

===== 1940s =====
  * 26 June 1945 – Charter of the United Nations signed at San Francisco – [[law:un:charter|UN Charter]]
  * 24 October 1945 – UN Charter enters into force – [[law:un:charter|UN Charter]]
  * 9 December 1948 – Genocide Convention adopted by the UN General Assembly (resolution 260 A (III)) – [[law:icl:genocide_convention|Genocide Convention (1948)]]

===== 1950s =====
  * 12 January 1951 – Genocide Convention enters into force – [[law:icl:genocide_convention|Genocide Convention (1948)]]
  * 17 December 1954 – General Assembly resolution 841 (IX) on transferring League of Nations functions under the Broadcasting Convention to the UN – [[law:hist:broadcasting_1936|Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace Convention (1936)]]

===== 1960s =====
  * 16 December 1966 – International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights adopted (resolution 2200A (XXI)) – [[law:hr:iccpr|International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)]]

===== 1970s =====
  * 24 October 1970 – Friendly Relations Declaration adopted (resolution 2625 (XXV)) – [[law:un:friendly_relations|Friendly Relations Declaration (1970)]]
  * 14 December 1974 – General Assembly resolution 3314 (XXIX) on the Definition of Aggression, later drawn on in Art. 8 bis Rome Statute – [[law:icl:rome_statute|Rome Statute: crime of aggression]]
  * 23 March 1976 – ICCPR enters into force – [[law:hr:iccpr|International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)]]
  * 8 June 1977 – Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions adopted – [[law:ihl:ap1|Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions (1977)]]
  * 7 December 1978 – Additional Protocol I enters into force – [[law:ihl:ap1|Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions (1977)]]

===== 1980s =====
  * 1982–1985 – Denunciations of the Broadcasting Convention by the Netherlands, France, Australia and the United Kingdom notified – [[law:hist:broadcasting_1936|Broadcasting in the Cause of Peace Convention (1936)]]
  * 29 July 1983 – Human Rights Committee adopts General Comment No. 11 on Art. 20 ICCPR (propaganda for war) – [[law:hr:iccpr|International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)]]
  * 26 November 1984 – ICJ judgment on jurisdiction and admissibility in //Nicaragua v. United States// – [[law:courts:icj_nicaragua|ICJ, Nicaragua v. United States (1986)]]
  * 27 June 1986 – ICJ merits judgment in //Nicaragua v. United States// – [[law:courts:icj_nicaragua|ICJ, Nicaragua v. United States (1986)]]

===== 1990s =====
  * 26 September 1991 – //Nicaragua v. United States// removed from the ICJ List – [[law:courts:icj_nicaragua|ICJ, Nicaragua v. United States (1986)]]
  * 8 July 1996 – ICJ Advisory Opinion on the //Legality of the Threat or Use of Nuclear Weapons// – [[law:courts:icj_nuclear_weapons|ICJ Advisory Opinion on Nuclear Weapons (1996)]]
  * 17 July 1998 – Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court adopted – [[law:icl:rome_statute|Rome Statute: crime of aggression]]

===== 2000s =====
  * 23 November 2001 – Budapest Convention on Cybercrime opened for signature – [[law:coe:budapest|Budapest Convention on Cybercrime (2001)]]
  * 1 July 2002 – Rome Statute enters into force – [[law:icl:rome_statute|Rome Statute: crime of aggression]]
  * 1 July 2004 – Budapest Convention enters into force – [[law:coe:budapest|Budapest Convention on Cybercrime (2001)]]
  * 28 November 2007 – ICTR Appeals Chamber judgment in the "Media case" (//Nahimana et al.//) on incitement to genocide – [[law:icl:genocide_convention|Genocide Convention (1948)]]
  * 16 June 2009 – SCO Agreement on cooperation in ensuring international information security concluded at Yekaterinburg – [[law:regional:sco_2009|SCO Agreement on International Information Security (2009)]]

===== 2010s =====
  * 11 June 2010 – Kampala Review Conference adopts the aggression amendments (Art. 8 bis) – [[law:icl:rome_statute|Rome Statute: crime of aggression]]
  * 2011 – Human Rights Committee adopts General Comment No. 34 on Art. 19 ICCPR – [[law:hr:iccpr|International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)]]
  * 16 June 2011 – Human Rights Council endorses the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (resolution 17/4) – [[law:un:guiding_principles_business|UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (2011)]]
  * 2012 – Rabat Plan of Action on incitement to hatred – [[law:hr:iccpr|International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)]]
  * 2013 – GGE report A/68/98 affirms the applicability of international law to State use of ICTs – [[law:un:ict_norms|UN framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace]]
  * 2013 – First edition of the Tallinn Manual published – [[law:soft:tallinn_manual|Tallinn Manual 2.0 (2017)]]
  * 18 December 2013 – General Assembly resolution 68/167 "The right to privacy in the digital age" – [[law:hr:iccpr|International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966)]]
  * 22 July 2015 – GGE report A/70/174 with eleven voluntary norms, including norm 13(f) – [[law:un:ict_norms|UN framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace]]
  * 2016 – Fifth CCW Review Conference establishes the Group of Governmental Experts on lethal autonomous weapons systems – [[law:un:laws|UN and CCW processes on autonomous weapons]]
  * 2017 – Tallinn Manual 2.0 published – [[law:soft:tallinn_manual|Tallinn Manual 2.0 (2017)]]
  * June 2017 – EU Cyber Diplomacy Toolbox established – [[law:eu:cyber_sanctions|EU cyber sanctions regime (2019)]]
  * June 2017 – NotPetya malware causes worldwide damage to companies – [[law:courts:merck_notpetya|Merck v. Ace American, NotPetya and the war exclusion (2023)]]
  * 17 July 2018 – ICC jurisdiction over the crime of aggression activated – [[law:icl:rome_statute|Rome Statute: crime of aggression]]
  * September 2018 – Report of the Independent International Fact-Finding Mission on Myanmar (A/HRC/39/64) – [[law:icl:genocide_convention|Genocide Convention (1948)]]
  * 2018 – EU Code of Practice on Disinformation – [[law:eu:disinformation_code|EU Code of Conduct on Disinformation]]
  * 12 November 2018 – Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace launched – [[law:soft:paris_call|Paris Call for Trust and Security in Cyberspace (2018)]]
  * 2019 – CCW High Contracting Parties endorse eleven guiding principles on lethal autonomous weapons systems – [[law:un:laws|UN and CCW processes on autonomous weapons]]
  * 17 May 2019 – EU cyber sanctions framework adopted (Decision (CFSP) 2019/797, Regulation (EU) 2019/796) – [[law:eu:cyber_sanctions|EU cyber sanctions regime (2019)]]
  * November 2019 – ICRC position paper on IHL and cyber operations during armed conflicts – [[law:ihl:ap1|Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions (1977)]]
  * 12 December 2019 – Hague Rules on Business and Human Rights Arbitration launched at the Peace Palace – [[law:soft:hague_rules_bhr|Hague Rules on Business and Human Rights Arbitration (2019)]]

===== 2020s =====
  * 16 July 2020 – CJEU judgment in //Schrems II// – [[law:courts:cjeu_schrems2|CJEU, Schrems II (2020)]]
  * 30 July 2020 – First EU cyber sanctions listings – [[law:eu:cyber_sanctions|EU cyber sanctions regime (2019)]]
  * March 2021 – Report of the Open-ended Working Group (A/75/816) – [[law:un:ict_norms|UN framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace]]
  * March 2021 – German position paper "On the Application of International Law in Cyberspace" – [[law:national:germany|Germany: constitutional peace provisions and cyber position]]
  * July 2021 – GGE report A/76/135 and official compendium of voluntary national contributions on international law (A/76/136) – [[law:un:ict_norms|UN framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace]] · [[law:national:positions|National positions on international law in cyberspace]]
  * 24 December 2021 – General Assembly resolution 76/227 on countering disinformation – [[law:un:disinformation_resolutions|UN resolutions on countering disinformation]]
  * 12 May 2022 – Second Additional Protocol to the Budapest Convention opened for signature – [[law:coe:budapest|Budapest Convention on Cybercrime (2001)]]
  * 16 June 2022 – Strengthened EU Code of Practice on Disinformation presented – [[law:eu:disinformation_code|EU Code of Conduct on Disinformation]]
  * 17 August 2022 – Lloyd's Market Bulletin Y5381 on State-backed cyber-attack exclusions – [[law:soft:lloyds_cyber_exclusions|Lloyd's requirements on State-backed cyber-attack exclusions (2022)]]
  * August 2022 – Report of the Secretary-General on countering disinformation (A/77/287) – [[law:un:disinformation_resolutions|UN resolutions on countering disinformation]]
  * 19 October 2022 – Digital Services Act adopted – [[law:eu:dsa|EU Digital Services Act (2022)]]
  * 14 December 2022 – NIS2 and CER Directives adopted – [[law:eu:nis2_cer|EU NIS2 and CER Directives (2022)]]
  * 16 February 2023 – REAIM 2023 Call to Action adopted in The Hague – [[law:soft:reaim|REAIM documents on responsible AI in the military domain (2023–2026)]]
  * 1 May 2023 – New Jersey Appellate Division rules that the war exclusion does not apply to NotPetya losses – [[law:courts:merck_notpetya|Merck v. Ace American, NotPetya and the war exclusion (2023)]]
  * 5 October 2023 – Joint call by the UN Secretary-General and the ICRC President for a treaty on autonomous weapons by 2026 – [[gaps:laws_treaty|Gap: treaty on autonomous weapons systems]]
  * 22 December 2023 – General Assembly resolution 78/241 on lethal autonomous weapons systems – [[law:un:laws|UN and CCW processes on autonomous weapons]]
  * 29 January 2024 – African Union Peace and Security Council adopts the Common African Position on international law in cyberspace – [[law:regional:au_common_position|African Union Common Position on international law in cyberspace (2024)]]
  * 17 February 2024 – Digital Services Act applies in general – [[law:eu:dsa|EU Digital Services Act (2022)]]
  * 13 March 2024 – Political Advertising Regulation adopted – [[law:eu:political_advertising|EU Political Advertising Regulation (2024)]]
  * 17 May 2024 – Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI adopted – [[law:coe:ai_convention|Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI (2024)]]
  * 13 June 2024 – EU Artificial Intelligence Act adopted – [[law:eu:ai_act|EU Artificial Intelligence Act (2024)]]
  * 10 September 2024 – Blueprint for Action adopted at the REAIM summit in Seoul – [[law:soft:reaim|REAIM documents on responsible AI in the military domain (2023–2026)]]
  * 22 September 2024 – Global Digital Compact adopted with the Pact for the Future – [[law:un:global_digital_compact|Global Digital Compact (2024)]]
  * 8 October 2024 – EU establishes the sanctions regime on Russia's destabilising activities – [[law:eu:russia_destabilisation_sanctions|EU sanctions regime on Russia's destabilising activities (2024)]]
  * 23 October 2024 – EU Product Liability Directive and Cyber Resilience Act adopted – [[law:eu:product_liability|EU Product Liability Directive (2024)]] · [[law:eu:cyber_resilience_act|EU Cyber Resilience Act (2024)]]
  * 31 October 2024 – 34th International Conference of the Red Cross and Red Crescent adopts resolution on ICT activities during armed conflict – [[law:ihl:ap1|Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions (1977)]]
  * 2 December 2024 – General Assembly resolution 79/62 on lethal autonomous weapons systems – [[law:un:laws|UN and CCW processes on autonomous weapons]]
  * 24 December 2024 – UN Convention against Cybercrime adopted (resolution 79/243) – [[law:un:cybercrime_convention|UN Convention against Cybercrime (2024)]]
  * December 2024 – General Assembly resolution 79/239 on artificial intelligence in the military domain – [[law:un:military_ai|UN resolutions on AI in the military domain]]
  * 2 February 2025 – Prohibitions under Art. 5 AI Act apply – [[law:eu:ai_act|EU Artificial Intelligence Act (2024)]]
  * 13 February 2025 – Code of Practice on Disinformation integrated into the DSA framework as a Code of Conduct – [[law:eu:disinformation_code|EU Code of Conduct on Disinformation]]
  * 4 April 2025 – Pall Mall Process Code of Practice for States published – [[law:soft:pall_mall|Pall Mall Process Code of Practice for States (2025)]]
  * 7–9 July 2025 – Special session of the ICC Assembly of States Parties on the aggression amendments – [[law:icl:rome_statute|Rome Statute: crime of aggression]]
  * 11 July 2025 – Final report of the Open-ended Working Group 2021–2025 adopted, establishing a permanent Global Mechanism – [[law:un:ict_norms|UN framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace]]
  * 10 October 2025 – Political Advertising Regulation fully applicable – [[law:eu:political_advertising|EU Political Advertising Regulation (2024)]]
  * 25–26 October 2025 – UN Convention against Cybercrime opened for signature in Hanoi – [[law:un:cybercrime_convention|UN Convention against Cybercrime (2024)]]
  * 1 December 2025 – General Assembly resolutions 80/16 (ICT security) and 80/57 (lethal autonomous weapons systems) – [[law:un:ict_norms|UN framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace]] · [[law:un:laws|UN and CCW processes on autonomous weapons]]
  * 1 December 2025 – General Assembly resolution 80/23 on possible risks of integrating AI into nuclear command, control and communications – [[law:un:military_ai|UN resolutions on AI in the military domain]]
  * 3 December 2025 – ICC Office of the Prosecutor launches its Policy on Cyber-enabled Crimes – [[law:icl:rome_statute|Rome Statute: crime of aggression]]
  * 5 December 2025 – First non-compliance decision under the Digital Services Act – [[law:eu:dsa|EU Digital Services Act (2022)]]
  * 5 December 2025 – General Assembly resolution 80/58 on artificial intelligence in the military domain – [[law:un:military_ai|UN resolutions on AI in the military domain]]
  * 12–29 January 2026 – ICJ merits hearings in //The Gambia v. Myanmar// – [[law:icl:genocide_convention|Genocide Convention (1948)]]
  * 4–5 February 2026 – A Coruña Declaration adopted at the third REAIM summit – [[law:soft:reaim|REAIM documents on responsible AI in the military domain (2023–2026)]]
  * 30–31 March 2026 – Organizational session of the Global Mechanism on ICTs – [[law:un:ict_norms|UN framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace]]
  * 15 May 2026 – European Union becomes a Party to the Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI – [[law:coe:ai_convention|Council of Europe Framework Convention on AI (2024)]]
  * 15 May 2026 – Pope Leo XIV signs the encyclical //Magnifica humanitas//, including passages on autonomous weapons and cyberspace – [[law:statements:magnifica_humanitas|Encyclical Magnifica humanitas (2026)]]
  * 22 May 2026 – Eleventh NPT Review Conference ends without a consensus outcome document – [[gaps:nc3|Gap: protection of nuclear command, control and communications]]
  * 20–24 July 2026 – First substantive plenary session of the Global Mechanism on ICTs – [[law:un:ict_norms|UN framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace]]
  * 2 August 2026 – Transparency obligations under Art. 50 AI Act apply – [[law:eu:ai_act|EU Artificial Intelligence Act (2024)]]
  * 25 August 2026 – Renewed call by the UN Secretary-General and the ICRC President for rules on autonomous weapons – [[gaps:laws_treaty|Gap: treaty on autonomous weapons systems]]
  * 5 September 2026 – CCW Group of Governmental Experts on lethal autonomous weapons systems concludes its final session under the 2024–2026 mandate – [[law:un:laws|UN and CCW processes on autonomous weapons]]
  * 11 September 2026 – Reporting obligations under the Cyber Resilience Act apply; ENISA single reporting platform launched – [[law:eu:cyber_resilience_act|EU Cyber Resilience Act (2024)]]
  * 17 September 2026 – Seychelles accedes to the Budapest Convention as its 83rd Party – [[law:coe:budapest|Budapest Convention on Cybercrime (2001)]]
  * 16–20 November 2026 (scheduled) – Seventh CCW Review Conference, Geneva – [[law:un:laws|UN and CCW processes on autonomous weapons]]
  * 9 December 2026 (scheduled) – EU Product Liability Directive applies – [[law:eu:product_liability|EU Product Liability Directive (2024)]]