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--- law:un:laws [2026/09/27 18:20] – Entry created (draft) lfpo
+++ law:un:laws [2026/10/01 14:09] (current) – Disclaimer reference added lfpo
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-====== UN and CCW processes on lethal autonomous weapons systems ======
+====== UN and CCW processes on autonomous weapons ======
-//Draft – editorial review pending. As of 27 September 2026.//
+//As of 1 October 2026. Information only, not legal advice – see the [[about:disclaimer|disclaimer]].//
+^ Full title | UN and CCW processes on lethal autonomous weapons systems |
 ^ Type | Intergovernmental process: Group of Governmental Experts under the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW); UN General Assembly resolutions |
 ^ Adopted by | High Contracting Parties to the CCW; UN General Assembly |
 ^ Adopted | GGE on LAWS established by the Fifth CCW Review Conference (2016); current mandate 2024–2026 decided in November 2023; GA resolutions 78/241 (22 December 2023), 79/62 (2 December 2024), 80/57 (1 December 2025) |
-^ Legal status | No specific treaty on autonomous weapons systems; existing international humanitarian law applies. The CCW (128 High Contracting Parties) is a binding treaty; GGE outcomes and GA resolutions are non-binding |
+^ Legal status | No specific treaty on autonomous weapons systems; existing international humanitarian law applies. The CCW (128 High Contracting Parties according to UNODA, March 2025) is a binding treaty; GGE outcomes and GA resolutions are non-binding |
 ^ Official text | [[https://meetings.unoda.org/ccw-/convention-on-certain-conventional-weapons-group-of-governmental-experts-on-lethal-autonomous-weapons-systems-2026|UNODA Meetings Place – CCW GGE on LAWS (2026)]] · [[https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4095989|UN Doc. A/RES/80/57]] |
-^ Matrix position | syntactic · international order |
+^ Subject area | Artificial intelligence and autonomous weapons; UN processes and institutions |
 ===== Overview =====
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   * **GA resolution 78/241 (2023)** – Requested the Secretary-General to seek the views of States and other stakeholders and to submit a substantive report (issued as A/79/88 in 2024). Adopted by 152 votes to 4, with 11 abstentions.
   * **GA resolution 79/62 (2024)** – Decided to convene open informal consultations in New York in 2025 to complement the CCW work. Adopted by 166 votes to 3 (Belarus, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Russian Federation), with 15 abstentions.
-  * **GA resolution 80/57 (2025)** – Acknowledges the progress of the GGE and its rolling text, notes the Secretary-General's calls for negotiations on a legally binding instrument based on a two-tier approach of prohibitions and regulations, and calls on the CCW High Contracting Parties to complete the elements of an instrument with a view to future negotiations. In the First Committee (6 November 2025) the draft was approved by 156 votes to 5, with 8 abstentions; plenary vote [to be verified].
+  * **GA resolution 80/57 (2025)** – Acknowledges the progress of the GGE and its rolling text, notes the Secretary-General's calls for negotiations on a legally binding instrument based on a two-tier approach of prohibitions and regulations, and calls on the CCW High Contracting Parties to complete the elements of an instrument with a view to future negotiations. In the First Committee (6 November 2025) the draft was approved by 156 votes to 5, with 8 abstentions; the General Assembly adopted it on 1 December 2025 by 164 votes to 6 (Belarus, Burundi, Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Israel, Russian Federation, United States), with 7 abstentions (UN Digital Library; UN Project voting record).
 ===== Application to cyber and information operations =====
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   * [[law:coe:ai_convention]]
   * [[law:un:charter]]
+  * [[law:un:military_ai]]
+  * [[law:soft:reaim]]
+  * [[law:statements:magnifica_humanitas]]
 ===== Sources =====
   * [[https://meetings.unoda.org/ccw-/convention-on-certain-conventional-weapons-group-of-governmental-experts-on-lethal-autonomous-weapons-systems-2026|UNODA Meetings Place – CCW GGE on LAWS (2026)]], accessed 2026-09-27
   * [[https://meetings.unoda.org/ccw-revcon/convention-on-certain-conventional-weapons-seventh-review-conference-2026|UNODA Meetings Place – CCW Seventh Review Conference (2026)]], accessed 2026-09-27
+  * [[https://disarmament.unoda.org/en/our-work/conventional-arms/convention-certain-conventional-weapons/high-contracting-parties-and-signatories-ccw|UNODA – High Contracting Parties and Signatories CCW]], accessed 2026-09-30
   * [[https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4033027|UN Doc. A/RES/78/241]], accessed 2026-09-27
   * [[https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4095989|UN Doc. A/RES/80/57]], accessed 2026-09-27
+  * [[https://un-project.org/votes/resolution/A-RES-80-57/|UN Project – voting record, A/RES/80/57]], accessed 2026-09-30
   * [[https://www.hrw.org/news/2024/12/05/killer-robots-un-vote-should-spur-treaty-negotiations|Human Rights Watch – vote on resolution 79/62 (5 December 2024)]], accessed 2026-09-27
   * [[https://www.stopkillerrobots.org/news/156-states-support-unga-resolution/|Stop Killer Robots – First Committee vote on L.41 (November 2025)]], accessed 2026-09-27
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 ===== Change log =====
   * 2026-09-27: Entry created (draft).
+  * 2026-09-30: Entry reviewed and finalised.
+  * 2026-10-01: Related entries added.