Differences

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--- law:eu:dsa [2026/09/27 18:20] – Entry created (draft) lfpo
+++ law:eu:dsa [2026/10/01 14:09] (current) – Disclaimer reference added lfpo
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-====== Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act) ======
+====== EU Digital Services Act (2022) ======
-//Draft – editorial review pending. As of 27 September 2026.//
+//As of 1 October 2026. Information only, not legal advice – see the [[about:disclaimer|disclaimer]].//
+^ Full title | Regulation (EU) 2022/2065 on a Single Market for Digital Services (Digital Services Act) |
 ^ Type | EU regulation |
 ^ Adopted by | European Parliament and Council of the European Union |
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 ^ Legal status | In force since 16 November 2022; applicable in general since 17 February 2024 (obligations for very large online platforms and search engines apply earlier, four months after designation); binding and directly applicable in all EU Member States |
 ^ Official text | [[https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2022/2065/oj|EUR-Lex]] |
-^ Matrix position | pragmatic · State–EU |
+^ Subject area | Propaganda, disinformation and elections |
 ===== Overview =====
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 Formal proceedings with an election or civic-discourse dimension (outcome as of the date above is stated only where an official decision is known):
-  * **X** – proceedings opened on 18 December 2023 (including risk management and information manipulation). On 5 December 2025 the Commission adopted its first DSA non-compliance decision, fining X EUR 120 million for breaches concerning the design of the "blue checkmark", the advertising repository and researcher data access. According to the Commission, other parts of the proceedings remain under investigation [to be verified: current status of the risk-management strand].
+  * **X** – proceedings opened on 18 December 2023 (including risk management and information manipulation). On 5 December 2025 the Commission adopted its first DSA non-compliance decision, fining X EUR 120 million for breaches concerning the design of the "blue checkmark", the advertising repository and researcher data access. On 26 January 2026 the Commission extended its investigation opened in December 2023 into X's compliance with its risk-management obligations concerning recommender systems, and opened new proceedings on the assessment and mitigation of risks linked to the deployment of Grok functionalities in X. On 16 July 2026 the Commission accepted X's action plan concerning the advertising repository and researcher data access; according to the Commission, the European Board for Digital Services considered the plan insufficient in part. X has brought an action against the non-compliance decision before the General Court; on 25 September 2026 the United States Department of Justice applied to intervene in support of X (AP).
-  * **Meta (Facebook, Instagram)** – proceedings opened on 30 April 2024 concerning deceptive advertising and disinformation, the visibility of political content, and the discontinuation of the CrowdTangle tool without an equivalent real-time civic-discourse and election-monitoring tool. No final decision on the election-related strand has been identified [to be verified].
+  * **Meta (Facebook, Instagram)** – proceedings opened on 30 April 2024 concerning deceptive advertising and disinformation, the visibility of political content, and the discontinuation of the CrowdTangle tool without an equivalent real-time civic-discourse and election-monitoring tool. The Commission's list of enforcement actions records preliminary findings against Meta of 24 October 2025, 29 April 2026 and 10 July 2026, which concern other matters (including transparency obligations, the protection of minors and platform design); it records no preliminary findings or decision on the election-related strand as of the date above.
-  * **TikTok** – proceedings opened on 17 December 2024 under Arts. 34(1), 34(2) and 35(1), following the Romanian presidential election of 24 November 2024; they concern recommender systems (including coordinated inauthentic manipulation) and political advertising and paid political content. No final decision has been identified [to be verified].
+  * **TikTok** – proceedings opened on 17 December 2024 under Arts. 34(1), 34(2) and 35(1), following the Romanian presidential election of 24 November 2024; they concern recommender systems (including coordinated inauthentic manipulation) and political advertising and paid political content. The Commission's list of enforcement actions records later preliminary findings against TikTok (including on the advertising repository, 15 May 2025, followed by accepted commitments on 5 December 2025, and on the protection of minors, 24 July 2026), but no preliminary findings or decision in these election-risk proceedings as of the date above.
 ===== Recent developments =====
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   * 2025-02-20: DSA elections toolkit published.
   * 2025-12-05: First DSA non-compliance decision (X, EUR 120 million).
+  * 2026-01-26: Commission extends its investigation into X's recommender systems and opens proceedings concerning Grok.
+  * 2026-07-16: Commission accepts X's action plan following the non-compliance decision.
+  * 2026-08-31: The Commission designates ChatGPT as a very large online search engine and Reddit and Roblox as very large online platforms; the obligations under Arts. 34 and 35, including on risks to electoral processes and public security, apply four months after notification (European Commission).
+  * 2026-09-25: The United States Department of Justice applies to intervene in support of X in its action before the General Court against the Commission's non-compliance decision of 5 December 2025; a Commission spokesperson stated that the Commission was "ready to defend our position in court" (AP).
 ===== Related entries =====
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   * [[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-opens-formal-proceedings-against-facebook-and-instagram-under-digital-services-act|European Commission: formal proceedings against Facebook and Instagram]], accessed 2026-09-27
   * [[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-fines-x-eu120-million-under-digital-services-act|European Commission: Commission fines X EUR 120 million under the DSA]], accessed 2026-09-27
+  * [[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-investigates-grok-and-xs-recommender-systems-under-digital-services-act|European Commission: Commission investigates Grok and X's recommender systems under the DSA (26 January 2026)]], accessed 2026-09-30
+  * [[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-accepts-xs-action-plan-comply-digital-services-act|European Commission: Commission accepts X's action plan to comply with the DSA (16 July 2026)]], accessed 2026-09-30
+  * [[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/list-designated-vlops-and-vloses|European Commission: Supervision of the designated VLOPs and VLOSEs (list of enforcement actions)]], accessed 2026-09-30
   * [[https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_25_505|European Commission: integration of the Code of Practice on Disinformation into the DSA (IP/25/505)]], accessed 2026-09-27
+  * [[https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/news/commission-designates-chatgpt-reddit-roblox-under-digital-services-act|European Commission: Commission designates ChatGPT, Reddit and Roblox under the Digital Services Act (31 August 2026)]], accessed 2026-10-01
+  * [[https://abcnews.com/Technology/wireStory/eu-vows-defend-stand-after-us-backs-court-136751402|AP via ABC News, EU vows to defend its stand after the US backs a court challenge from Elon Musk (25 September 2026)]], accessed 2026-10-01
 ===== Change log =====
   * 2026-09-27: Entry created (draft).
+  * 2026-09-30: Entry reviewed and finalised.
+  * 2026-10-01: Designations of 31 August 2026 and US application to intervene in the X litigation added.