Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- law:coe:budapest [2026/09/27 19:07] – Matrix position replaced by subject area lfpo
+++ law:coe:budapest [2026/10/01 14:09] (current) – Disclaimer reference added lfpo
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-====== Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention, ETS No. 185) and its Second Additional Protocol (CETS No. 224) ======
+====== Budapest Convention on Cybercrime (2001) ======
-//Draft – editorial review pending. As of 27 September 2026.//
+//As of 1 October 2026. Information only, not legal advice – see the [[about:disclaimer|disclaimer]].//
+^ Full title | Council of Europe Convention on Cybercrime (Budapest Convention, ETS No. 185) and its Second Additional Protocol (CETS No. 224) |
 ^ Type | Treaty (with additional protocols) |
 ^ Adopted by | Council of Europe (open also to non-member States) |
 ^ Adopted | Opened for signature on 23 November 2001 (Convention); 12 May 2022 (Second Additional Protocol) |
-^ Legal status | Convention in force since 1 July 2004; 81 Parties as of January 2026 (Council of Europe); binding on Parties. Second Additional Protocol not yet in force as of the latest verified information: it requires five ratifications; four had been recorded by April 2026 [to be verified: whether a fifth ratification has since been deposited] |
+^ Legal status | Convention in force since 1 July 2004; 83 Parties since the accession of Seychelles on 17 September 2026 (Council of Europe); binding on Parties. Second Additional Protocol not in force: it requires five ratifications; the Council of Europe reported four (Serbia, Japan, Hungary, Costa Rica) as of 30 June 2026 |
 ^ Official text | [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/the-budapest-convention|Council of Europe – Budapest Convention]] · [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/second-additional-protocol|Council of Europe – Second Additional Protocol]] |
 ^ Subject area | Cybersecurity, cybercrime and critical infrastructure |
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 ===== Application to cyber and information operations =====
-The Convention addresses criminal conduct by individuals and does not regulate the conduct of States as such. The Cybercrime Convention Committee (T-CY) monitors its implementation and adopts guidance notes, including on the application of the Convention's offences to attacks on critical infrastructure and to election interference [to be verified: titles and dates of the relevant T-CY guidance notes].
+The Convention addresses criminal conduct by individuals and does not regulate the conduct of States as such. The Cybercrime Convention Committee (T-CY) monitors its implementation and adopts guidance notes, including on the application of the Convention's offences to attacks on critical infrastructure and to election interference: the Guidance Note on critical information infrastructure attacks (T-CY(2013)11, adopted June 2013) and the Guidance Note on election interference by malicious cyber activities (T-CY(2019)4, adopted July 2019).
 ===== Recent developments =====
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   * 2026-02-05: Hungary ratifies the Second Additional Protocol (after Serbia and Japan).
   * 2026-04-15: Costa Rica ratifies the Second Additional Protocol (fourth ratification).
+  * 2026-05-06: Papua New Guinea accedes as the 82nd Party (entry into force for Papua New Guinea on 1 September 2026).
+  * 2026-09-17: Seychelles accedes as the 83rd Party (entry into force for Seychelles on 1 January 2027); according to the Council of Europe, 83 Parties, 2 further signatories and 12 States invited to accede (Council of Europe).
 ===== Related entries =====
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   * [[https://rm.coe.int/sg-inf-2026-11-council-of-europe-programme-office-on-cybercrime-in-buc/48802ba213|Council of Europe, SG/Inf(2026)11 (4 May 2026)]], accessed 2026-09-27
   * [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/portal/-/budapest-convention-reaches-75-parties|Council of Europe: Budapest Convention reaches 75 Parties]], accessed 2026-09-27
+  * [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/-/papua-new-guinea-becomes-the-82nd-party-to-the-convention-on-cybercrime|Council of Europe: Papua New Guinea becomes the 82nd Party to the Convention on Cybercrime]], accessed 2026-09-30
+  * [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/news/-/asset_publisher/S73WWxscOuZ5/content/costa-rica-becomes-the-fourth-state-to-ratify-the-second-additional-protocol-to-the-convention-on-cybercrime|Council of Europe: Costa Rica becomes the fourth State to ratify the Second Additional Protocol]], accessed 2026-09-30
+  * [[https://rm.coe.int/cybercrime-coe-update-2026-q2-full-v16-07-2026/48802ca6f2|Council of Europe: Cybercrime@CoE Update, Q2 2026]], accessed 2026-09-30
+  * [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/t-cy-reports|Council of Europe: T-CY guidance notes]], accessed 2026-09-30
   * [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/conventions/full-list?module=signatures-by-treaty&treatynum=185|Council of Europe Treaty Office: chart of signatures and ratifications, ETS 185]], accessed 2026-09-27
+  * [[https://www.coe.int/en/web/cybercrime/t-cy-news|Council of Europe, Cybercrime Convention Committee (T-CY) news: accession of Seychelles (17 September 2026)]], accessed 2026-10-01
 ===== Change log =====
   * 2026-09-27: Entry created (draft).
+  * 2026-09-30: Entry reviewed and finalised.
+  * 2026-10-01: Accession of Seychelles added; number of Parties updated.