LawyersForPeace.Online

a curated map of the law of peace in the cyber & information sphere

User Tools

Site Tools

Trace:
gaps:nc3

Differences

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

Link to this comparison view

Both sides previous revisionPrevious revision
Next revision		Previous revision
gaps:nc3 [2026/09/30 17:29] – Reviewed and finalised lfpogaps:nc3 [2026/10/01 14:09] (current) – Disclaimer reference added lfpo
Line 1: Line 1:
 ====== Gap: protection of nuclear command, control and communications ====== ====== Gap: protection of nuclear command, control and communications ======
  
-//As of 30 September 2026.//+//As of 1 October 2026. Information only, not legal advice – see the [[about:disclaimer|disclaimer]].//
  
 ^ Full title | No specific instrument protecting nuclear command, control and communications (NC3) against cyber operations | ^ Full title | No specific instrument protecting nuclear command, control and communications (NC3) against cyber operations |
Line 21: Line 21:
   * **P5 Joint Statement of 3 January 2022** – the leaders of China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States affirmed that "a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought" and stated that each would maintain and further strengthen national measures to prevent unauthorized or unintended use of nuclear weapons. The statement does not refer to cyber operations.   * **P5 Joint Statement of 3 January 2022** – the leaders of China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States affirmed that "a nuclear war cannot be won and must never be fought" and stated that each would maintain and further strengthen national measures to prevent unauthorized or unintended use of nuclear weapons. The statement does not refer to cyber operations.
   * **United States–China, 16 November 2024** – at a meeting in Lima, the two presidents "affirmed the need to maintain human control over the decision to use nuclear weapons" (White House readout as reported). The statement does not refer to cyber operations.   * **United States–China, 16 November 2024** – at a meeting in Lima, the two presidents "affirmed the need to maintain human control over the decision to use nuclear weapons" (White House readout as reported). The statement does not refer to cyber operations.
 +  * **UN General Assembly resolution 80/23** (1 December 2025; 118 in favour, 9 against, 44 abstentions) – "Possible risks of the integration of artificial intelligence into command, control and communications systems of nuclear weapons". The resolution concerns artificial intelligence in nuclear command, control and communications; it does not specifically address cyber operations ([[law:un:military_ai]]).
  
 ===== Application to cyber and information operations ===== ===== Application to cyber and information operations =====
Line 33: Line 34:
 ===== Recent developments ===== ===== Recent developments =====
   * 2024-11-16: United States–China leaders' statement on maintaining human control over the decision to use nuclear weapons (as reported).   * 2024-11-16: United States–China leaders' statement on maintaining human control over the decision to use nuclear weapons (as reported).
 +  * 2025-12-01: UN General Assembly adopts resolution 80/23 on possible risks of the integration of artificial intelligence into nuclear command, control and communications systems (UN Digital Library).
   * 2026-03-16: Nautilus Institute publishes proposal for an NC3 code of conduct (E. Crawford).   * 2026-03-16: Nautilus Institute publishes proposal for an NC3 code of conduct (E. Crawford).
   * 2026-05-22: NPT Review Conference ends without a consensus outcome (UN press release DC/3912).   * 2026-05-22: NPT Review Conference ends without a consensus outcome (UN press release DC/3912).
Line 42: Line 44:
   * [[law:un:laws]]   * [[law:un:laws]]
   * [[gaps:laws_treaty]]   * [[gaps:laws_treaty]]
 +  * [[law:un:military_ai]]
 +  * [[law:statements:magnifica_humanitas]]
  
 ===== Sources ===== ===== Sources =====
Line 53: Line 57:
   * [[https://press.un.org/en/2026/dc3912.doc.htm|UN, Review Conference Ends without Consensus Outcome amid Rising Nuclear Risks (DC/3912)]], accessed 2026-09-27   * [[https://press.un.org/en/2026/dc3912.doc.htm|UN, Review Conference Ends without Consensus Outcome amid Rising Nuclear Risks (DC/3912)]], accessed 2026-09-27
   * [[https://www.un.org/en/conferences/treaty-on-the-non-proliferation-of-nuclear-weapons-npt-2026|United Nations, 2026 NPT Review Conference]], accessed 2026-09-27   * [[https://www.un.org/en/conferences/treaty-on-the-non-proliferation-of-nuclear-weapons-npt-2026|United Nations, 2026 NPT Review Conference]], accessed 2026-09-27
 +  * [[https://digitallibrary.un.org/record/4094665|UN Digital Library, A/RES/80/23 Possible risks of the integration of artificial intelligence into command, control and communications systems of nuclear weapons (voting record)]], accessed 2026-10-01
  
 ===== Change log ===== ===== Change log =====
   * 2026-09-27: Entry created (draft).   * 2026-09-27: Entry created (draft).
   * 2026-09-30: Entry reviewed and finalised.   * 2026-09-30: Entry reviewed and finalised.
 +  * 2026-10-01: GA resolution 80/23 added.
  
gaps/nc3.1790789378.txt.gz · Last modified: by lfpo