gaps:laws_treaty
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| gaps:laws_treaty [2026/09/27 18:19] – Entry created (draft) lfpo | gaps:laws_treaty [2026/10/01 14:09] (current) – Disclaimer reference added lfpo | ||
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| - | ====== | + | ====== |
| - | //Draft – editorial review pending. | + | //As of 1 October |
| + | ^ Full title | No treaty on lethal autonomous weapons systems (LAWS) | | ||
| ^ Type | Regulatory gap | | ^ Type | Regulatory gap | | ||
| ^ Adopted by | – | | ^ Adopted by | – | | ||
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| ^ Legal status | No treaty specifically prohibiting or regulating autonomous weapon systems exists; discussions take place in the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) and in the UN General Assembly | | ^ Legal status | No treaty specifically prohibiting or regulating autonomous weapon systems exists; discussions take place in the Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons (CCW) and in the UN General Assembly | | ||
| ^ Official text | – | | ^ Official text | – | | ||
| - | ^ Matrix position | + | ^ Subject area | Regulatory gaps; Artificial intelligence and autonomous weapons |
| ===== Overview ===== | ===== Overview ===== | ||
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| Nearby instruments and processes: | Nearby instruments and processes: | ||
| * **Additional Protocol I, Art. 36** – legal review of new weapons, means and methods of warfare ([[law: | * **Additional Protocol I, Art. 36** – legal review of new weapons, means and methods of warfare ([[law: | ||
| - | * **CCW GGE on LAWS** – mandated by the Meeting of the High Contracting Parties in 2023 to further consider and formulate, by consensus, a set of elements of an instrument, without prejudging its nature | + | * **CCW GGE on LAWS** – mandated by the Meeting of the High Contracting Parties in November |
| - | * **UN General Assembly resolutions** – resolution 78/ | + | * **UN General Assembly resolutions** – resolution 78/241 (December 2023; 152 in favour, 4 against, 11 abstentions), resolution 79/62 (2 December 2024; 166 in favour, 3 against, 15 abstentions), |
| ===== Application to cyber and information operations ===== | ===== Application to cyber and information operations ===== | ||
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| **Status of the CCW process.** According to Human Rights Watch, the final GGE report includes a characterisation of LAWS and affirms requirements for human control and judgment under international law; 76 States (70 of them CCW High Contracting Parties) have expressed support for negotiating a legally binding instrument. The same source reports that the United States and the Russian Federation sought changes to the text. The Preparatory Committee for the Seventh Review Conference met from 7 to 9 September 2026; the Review Conference is scheduled for 16–20 November 2026 in Geneva, where a negotiating mandate may be considered. | **Status of the CCW process.** According to Human Rights Watch, the final GGE report includes a characterisation of LAWS and affirms requirements for human control and judgment under international law; 76 States (70 of them CCW High Contracting Parties) have expressed support for negotiating a legally binding instrument. The same source reports that the United States and the Russian Federation sought changes to the text. The Preparatory Committee for the Seventh Review Conference met from 7 to 9 September 2026; the Review Conference is scheduled for 16–20 November 2026 in Geneva, where a negotiating mandate may be considered. | ||
| - | **Positions.** Some States support a two-tier approach of prohibitions and regulations within a legally binding instrument; others consider existing international humanitarian law sufficient or favour non-binding measures. In the 2024 General Assembly vote, Belarus, the Democratic People' | + | **Positions.** Some States support a two-tier approach of prohibitions and regulations within a legally binding instrument; others consider existing international humanitarian law sufficient or favour non-binding measures. In the 2024 General Assembly vote, Belarus, the Democratic People' |
| ===== Recent developments ===== | ===== Recent developments ===== | ||
| * 2025-05-12 to 2025-05-13: Open informal consultations on LAWS in New York, pursuant to resolution 79/62 (UNODA). | * 2025-05-12 to 2025-05-13: Open informal consultations on LAWS in New York, pursuant to resolution 79/62 (UNODA). | ||
| * 2025-11-06: UN General Assembly First Committee approves draft resolution L.41 on LAWS (156–5–8), | * 2025-11-06: UN General Assembly First Committee approves draft resolution L.41 on LAWS (156–5–8), | ||
| + | * 2026-05-15: Encyclical //Magnifica humanitas// of Pope Leo XIV states that "it is not permissible to entrust lethal or otherwise irreversible decisions to artificial systems" | ||
| * 2026-08-25: Renewed joint call by the UN Secretary-General and the ICRC President (UN News). | * 2026-08-25: Renewed joint call by the UN Secretary-General and the ICRC President (UN News). | ||
| * 2026-09-05: CCW GGE on LAWS concludes its final session with adoption of its report (Human Rights Watch). | * 2026-09-05: CCW GGE on LAWS concludes its final session with adoption of its report (Human Rights Watch). | ||
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| * [[law: | * [[law: | ||
| * [[gaps: | * [[gaps: | ||
| + | * [[law: | ||
| + | * [[law: | ||
| + | * [[law: | ||
| ===== Sources ===== | ===== Sources ===== | ||
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| * [[https:// | * [[https:// | ||
| * [[https:// | * [[https:// | ||
| + | * [[https:// | ||
| + | * [[https:// | ||
| + | * [[https:// | ||
| * [[https:// | * [[https:// | ||
| * [[https:// | * [[https:// | ||
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| ===== Change log ===== | ===== Change log ===== | ||
| * 2026-09-27: Entry created (draft). | * 2026-09-27: Entry created (draft). | ||
| + | * 2026-09-30: Entry reviewed and finalised. | ||
| + | * 2026-10-01: Reference to the encyclical Magnifica humanitas and related entries added. | ||
gaps/laws_treaty.1790533162.txt.gz · Last modified: by lfpo